In vitro and in vivo effects of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761), ginkgolide B, and bilobalide on apoptosis in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons

1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean R. Rapin ◽  
Mohamed Zaibi ◽  
Katy Drieu
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Ginkgolide B ◽  
Egb 761 ◽  
In Vivo Effects

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Scolopendra Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Seizures in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Yun-Soo Seo ◽  
Mary Jasmin Ang ◽  
Byeong Cheol Moon ◽  
Hyo Seon Kim ◽  
Goya Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cell Degeneration

Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound with potent neurotoxic action characterized by neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. This study evaluated the protective effects of a Scolopendra water extract (SWE) against TMT intoxication in hippocampal neurons, using both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Specifically, we examined the actions of SWE on TMT- (5 mM) induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons (7 days in vitro) and the effects of SWE on hippocampal degeneration in adult TMT- (2.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) treated C57BL/6 mice. We found that SWE pretreatment (0–100 μg/mL) significantly reduced TMT-induced cytotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by lactate dehydrogenase and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Additionally, this study showed that perioral administration of SWE (5 mg/kg), from −6 to 0 days before TMT injection, significantly attenuated hippocampal cell degeneration and seizures in adult mice. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Iba-1 (Allograft inflammatory factor 1)- and GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein)-immunostained cells revealed a significant reduction in the levels of Iba-1- and GFAP-positive cell bodies in the dentate gyrus (DG) of mice treated with SWE prior to TMT injection. These data indicated that SWE pretreatment significantly protected the hippocampus against the massive activation of microglia and astrocytes elicited by TMT. In addition, our data showed that the SWE-induced reduction of immune cell activation was linked to a significant reduction in cell death and a significant improvement in TMT-induced seizure behavior. Thus, we conclude that SWE ameliorated the detrimental effects of TMT toxicity on hippocampal neurons, both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our findings hint at a promising pharmacotherapeutic use of SWE in hippocampal degeneration and dysfunction.

scholarly journals Synergistic effects of MAP2 and MAP1B knockout in neuronal migration, dendritic outgrowth, and microtubule organization

2001 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlin Teng ◽  
Yosuke Takei ◽  
Akihiro Harada ◽  
Takao Nakata ◽  
Jianguo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Dendritic Morphogenesis

MAP1B and MAP2 are major members of neuronal microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). To gain insights into the function of MAP2 in vivo, we generated MAP2-deficient (map2−/−) mice. They developed without any apparent abnormalities, which indicates that MAP2 is dispensable in mouse survival. Because previous reports suggest a functional redundancy among MAPs, we next generated mice lacking both MAP2 and MAP1B to test their possible synergistic functions in vivo. Map2−/−map1b−/− mice died in their perinatal period. They showed not only fiber tract malformations but also disrupted cortical patterning caused by retarded neuronal migration. In spite of this, their cortical layer maintained an “inside-out” pattern. Detailed observation of primary cultures of hippocampal neurons from map2−/−map1b−/− mice revealed inhibited microtubule bundling and neurite elongation. In these neurons, synergistic effects caused by the loss of MAP2 and MAP1B were more apparent in dendrites than in axons. The spacing of microtubules was reduced significantly in map2−/−map1b−/− mice in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that MAP2 and MAP1B have overlapping functions in neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth by organizing microtubules in developing neurons both for axonal and dendritic morphogenesis but more dominantly for dendritic morphogenesis.

Klinische Ergebnisse über hämorheologische Wirkungen von Ginkgo-biloba-Extrakt

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Klinische Ergebnisse ◽  
Egb 761

ZusammenfassungDie vorwiegend mit dem standardisierten Ginkgo-biloba-Extrakt EGb 761 gewonnenen klinischen Erfahrungen auf dem Gebiet der Hämorheologie werden gesammelt dargestellt. Die Effekte in vitro sprechen für eine Schutzwirkung gegenüber freien Radikalen und für eine Inkorporation von Extraktkomponenten in die Erythrozytenmembran.In vivo verbessert EGb 761 p.o. und i.v. bei Gesunden ebenso wie nach Inkubation in vitro die Membraneigenschaften der Erythrozyten und hemmt die spontane und PAF-induzierte Plättchenaggregation. Bei Patienten mit arteriellen Durchblutungsstörungen und hämorheologisch meßbaren Risikofaktoren wurden folgende signifikante EGb-761-Wirkungen nachgewiesen: Besserung der erhöhten Vollblutviskosität und der Plasmaviskosität, Hemmung der Erythrozytenaggregation, der Plättchenaggregation sowie Verminderung einer als wichtiger eigenständiger arteriosklerotischer Risikofaktor erkannten Hyperfibrinogenämie. Die mit Laser-Doppler-Technik gemessene Hautdurchblutung wurde durch Ginkgoextrakt-Infusion akut gesteigert.Als Globalparameter einer unter EGb 761 verbesserten Mikrozirkulation haben wir eine signifikante Verbesserung der Sauerstoffaufnahme unter konstanter Arbeitsbelastung nachgewiesen.

scholarly journals Ginkgolide B Maintains Calcium Homeostasis in Hypoxic Hippocampal Neurons by Inhibiting Calcium Influx and Intracellular Calcium Release

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Quan Lei ◽  
Shuai Zhao ◽  
WenJuan Xu ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Spontaneous Discharge ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ginkgolide B ◽  
Pre Treatment

Ginkgolide B (GB), a terpene lactone and active ingredient of Ginkgo biloba, shows protective effects in neuronal cells subjected to hypoxia. We investigated whether GB might protect neurons from hypoxic injury through regulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis. Primary hippocampal neurons subjected to chemical hypoxia (0.7 mM CoCl2) in vitro exhibited an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ (measured from the fluorescence of fluo-4), but this effect was significantly diminished by pre-treatment with 0.4 mM GB. Electrophysiological recordings from the brain slices of rats exposed to hypoxia in vivo revealed increases in spontaneous discharge frequency, action potential frequency and calcium current magnitude, and all these effects of hypoxia were suppressed by pre-treatment with 12 mg/kg GB. Western blot analysis demonstrated that hypoxia was associated with enhanced mRNA and protein expressions of Cav1.2 (a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel), STIM1 (a regulator of store-operated Ca2+ entry) and RyR2 (isoforms of Ryanodine Receptor which mediates sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release), and these actions of hypoxia were suppressed by GB. Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo data suggest that GB might protect neurons from hypoxia, in part, by regulating Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis.

scholarly journals In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Adiponectin on Bone

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 3603-3610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry A. Williams ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Karen E. Callon ◽  
Maureen Watson ◽  
Jian-ming Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Trabecular Number

Fat mass impacts on both bone turnover and bone density and is a critical risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. Adipocyte-derived hormones may contribute to this relationship, and adiponectin is a principal circulating adipokine. However, its effects on bone remain unclear. We have, therefore, investigated the direct effects of adiponectin on primary cultures of osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells in vitro and determined its integrated effects in vivo by characterizing the bone phenotype of adiponectin-deficient mice. Adiponectin was dose-dependently mitogenic to primary rat and human osteoblasts (∼50% increase at 10 μg/ml) and markedly inhibited osteoclastogenesis at concentrations of 1 μg/ml or greater. It had no effect on osteoclastogenesis in RAW-264.7 cells or on bone resorption in isolated mature osteoclasts. In adiponectin knockout (AdKO) male C57BL/6J mice, trabecular bone volume and trabecular number (assessed by microcomputed tomography) were increased at 14 wk of age by 30% (P = 0.02) and 38% (P = 0.0009), respectively. Similar, nonsignificant trends were observed at 8 and 22 wk of age. Biomechanical testing showed lower bone fragility and reduced cortical hardness at 14 wk. We conclude that adiponectin stimulates osteoblast growth but inhibits osteoclastogenesis, probably via an effect on stromal cells. However, the AdKO mouse has increased bone mass, suggesting that adiponectin also has indirect effects on bone, possibly through modulating growth factor action or insulin sensitivity. Because adiponectin does influence bone mass in vivo, it is likely to be a contributor to the fat-bone relationship.

Pharmacology of 5-HT1A Receptors: Critical Aspects

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Borsini
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Critical Aspects

AbstractMyriad difficulties exist in analyzing the pharmacology of the serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor. The receptor may demonstrate a different activity depending on the tissue or species used for analysis, the agent used, laboratory conditions, and differences between in vitro and in vivo effects of compounds. Affinity for 5-HT receptors also varies widely, presenting difficulties in drawing definitive conclusions on affinity values for various compounds. At least two possibilities exist to explain the diversity of pharmacology of 5-HT receptors. First, it is possible that different 5-HT1A receptor subtypes exist. Second, the 5-HT1A receptors may play a far more complex role than previously believed.

Neurotrophic Properties of Silexan, an Essential Oil from the Flowers of Lavender-Preclinical Evidence for Antidepressant-Like Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Kristina Friedland ◽  
Giacomo Silani ◽  
Anita Schuwald ◽  
Carola Stockburger ◽  
Egon Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Primary Hippocampal Neurons

Abstract Background Silexan, a special essential oil from flowering tops of lavandula angustifolia, is used to treat subsyndromal anxiety disorders. In a recent clinical trial, Silexan also showed antidepressant effects in patients suffering from mixed anxiety-depression (ICD-10 F41.2). Since preclinical data explaining antidepressant properties of Silexan are missing, we decided to investigate if Silexan also shows antidepressant-like effects in vitro as well as in vivo models. Methods We used the forced swimming test (FST) in rats as a simple behavioral test indicative of antidepressant activity in vivo. As environmental events and other risk factors contribute to depression through converging molecular and cellular mechanisms that disrupt neuronal function and morphology—resulting in dysfunction of the circuitry that is essential for mood regulation and cognitive function—we investigated the neurotrophic properties of Silexan in neuronal cell lines and primary hippocampal neurons. Results The antidepressant activity of Silexan (30 mg/kg BW) in the FST was comparable to the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (20 mg/kg BW) after 9-day treatment. Silexan triggered neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis in 2 different neuronal cell models and led to a significant increase in synaptogenesis in primary hippocampal neurons. Silexan led to a significant phosphorylation of protein kinase A and subsequent CREB phosphorylation. Conclusion Taken together, Silexan demonstrates antidepressant-like effects in cellular as well as animal models for antidepressant activity. Therefore, our data provides preclinical evidence for the clinical antidepressant effects of Silexan in patients with mixed depression and anxiety.

In Vitro Culture of Human Thyroid Cells: Preliminary Findings on the Role of the Pathological Condition of the Donors

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Francesca Mattioli ◽  
Marianna Angiola ◽  
Laura Fazzuoli ◽  
Francesco Razzetta ◽  
Antonietta Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Predictive Indicator

Although primary cultures of human thyroid cells are used for endocrinological and toxicological studies, until now no attention has been paid toward verifying whether the hormonal conditions to which the gland was exposed in vivo prior to surgery could influence in vitro responses. Our findings suggest that the hormonal situation in vivo cannot be used as a predictive indicator of triiodothyronine and thyroxine release and/or S-phase frequency in vitro, either with or without the addition of bovine thyrotropin.

In vitro evaluation of estrogenic, antiestrogenic and antitumor effects of amentoflavone

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712199945
Author(s):  
AT Aliyev ◽  
S Ozcan-Sezer ◽  
A Akdemir ◽  
H Gurer-Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Antiestrogenic Activity ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Mcf 7

Apigenin, a flavonoid, is reported to act as an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist and inhibit aromatase enzyme. However, amentoflavone, a biflavonoid bearing two apigenin molecules, has not been evaluated for its endocrine modulatory effects. Besides, it is highly consumed by young people to build muscles, enhance mood and lose weight. In the present study, apigenin was used as a reference molecule and ER mediated as well as ER-independent estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity of amentoflavone was investigated. Antitumor activity of amentoflavone was also investigated in both ER positive (MCF-7 BUS) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells and its cytotoxicity was evaluated in human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). Our data confirmed ER agonist, aromatase inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of apigenin in breast cancer cells, where no ER mediated estrogenic effect and physiologically irrelevant, slight, aromatase inhibition was found for amentoflavone. Although selective cytotoxicity of amentoflavone was found in MCF-7 BUS cells, it does not seem to be an alternative to the present cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, neither an adverse effect, mediated by an estrogenic/antiestrogenic effect of amentoflavone nor a therapeutical benefit would be expected from amentoflavone. Further studies could be performed to investigate its in vivo effects.

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